what they had promised under oath

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

soluisse,

Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.

In a corporeal sense.

Outwardly, to release.

From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

solvite istas,

i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

solvite istum,

id. Mil. 5, 32:

numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

jube solvi (eum),

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

ut vincti solvantur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

ita nexi soluti (sunt),

Liv. 8, 28, 9:

solvite me, pueri,

Verg. E. 6, 24:

fore ut brevi solveretur,

Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

canis solutus catena,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

Stat. Th. 5, 15:

terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—

From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

solverat sol equos,

unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

id. H. 11, 4:

praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

soluta toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 147:

vela solvere,

Verg. A. 4, 574.—

From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

Prop. 2, 1, 69:

fraxinus solvitur,

from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

ceciditque soluta pinus,

id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

pinus radice soluta, deficit,

id. S. 5, 1, 152:

solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

querno solvunt de stipite funem,

id. F. 4, 333:

fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

imber caelesti nube solutus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

cum solis radii absumant,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

solutum a latere pugionem,

detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—

Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.

With acc. alone:

eisce confectis navem solvimus,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

navim cupimus solvere,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

naves solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

Liv. 45, 6:

postero die solvere naves (jussi),

id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

classem solvere,

Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—

With ab and abl.:

navis a terra solverunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

Liv. 31, 7 med.:

solvunt a litore puppes,

Luc. 2, 649.—

With ex and abl.:

nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—

With abl.:

complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

portu solventibus,

id. Mur. 2, 4.—

Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

tertia fere vigilia solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

nos eo die cenati solvimus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

Liv. 31, 14 init.:

qui inde solverant,

Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

solvi mare languido,

Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—

With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Poet. usages:

de litore puppis solvit iter,

clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—

Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

Lucr. 6, 706:

cruor solvitur,

Stat. Th. 9, 530:

lacrimas solvere,

id. Achill. 2, 256:

solutis lacrimis,

Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

partus solvere,

to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—

To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.

In gen.:

omne colligatum solvi potest,

Cic. Fin. 11.—

Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

Curt. 8, 10, 3:

solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

dubitavit an solveret pontem,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere pontem,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

si pons solutus sit,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

solutus pons tempestatibus,

Just. 2, 13, 9:

currum (solis) solutum,

Manil. 1, 740.—

Of woven stuff:

solvens texta,

Prop. 2, 9, 6.—

Of mountains:

utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

id. Agam. 553.—

Of the neck:

soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—

Of a comet:

momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—

Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

solve capillos,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

crinem,

id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

comas casside,

Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—

Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

Stat. Th. 7, 745. —

To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.

Of a change into air or gas:

calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

Stat. Th. 5, 285;

nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

Ov. M. 15, 845.—

Into a liquid, to melt:

saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

nivem solvere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

rigor auri solvitur aestu,

Lucr. 1, 493:

ferrum calidi solvant camini,

Manil. 4, 250:

cerae igne solutae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

(herba) quinto die solvitur,

id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—

Of putrefaction:

(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

Verg. G. 4, 302.—

Of change in general:

inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

Ov. F. 1, 108:

repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—

Of expansion by heat:

(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—

Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

gravitas aeris solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—

Solvi in, to pass into, become:

in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—

To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

solvere orbes,

Manil. 1, 497:

ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

Lucr. 3, 287:

(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

Liv. 39, 40, 11:

si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

tabes solvit corpora,

Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

id. 3, 506:

ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

hanc mihi solvite vitam,

Prop. 2, 9, 39.—

Trop.

To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.

From the body, etc.:

teque isto corpore solvo,

Verg. A. 4, 703:

soluta corpore anima,

Quint. 5, 14, 13:

qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

vocem solvere,

to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

suspiria solvit,

Stat. Th. 11, 604:

solvat turba jocos,

Sen. Med. 114:

solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—

Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

id. Const. 11, 3:

(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

From obligations and debts:

solvit me debito,

Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

an nos debito solverit,

id. Ep. 81, 3:

ut religione civitas solvatur,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

sacramento solvi,

Tac. A. 16, 13:

cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

Dig. 49, 16, 13:

militia solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

ut manere solveretur,

that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—

From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

id. ib. 4, 9:

sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

Ov. F. 6, 452:

ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

id. ib. 2, 40:

Helenen ego crimine solvo,

id. A. A. 2, 371:

quid crimine solvis Germanum?

Stat. Th. 11, 379:

solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —

From feelings, etc.:

quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

senatus cura belli solutus,

Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

pectus linquunt cura solutum,

Lucr. 2, 45:

his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

soluti metu,

Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

solvent formidine terras,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

solve metu patriam,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

metu belli Scythas solvit,

Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

soluti a cupiditatibus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

longo luctu,

Verg. A. 2, 26:

tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

Sen. Hippol. 450:

solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

rabie tigrim,

Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

solvite animos,

Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

vix haec in munera solvo animum,

i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—

From sleep, very rare:

ego somno solutus sum,

awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—

From labor, business, etc.:

volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—

From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

frontem solvere disce,

Mart. 14, 183:

saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

Stat. Th. 11, 373:

solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

vultum risu solvit,

relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

solvere judicem,

unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

solventur risu tabulae,

i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

Quint. 5, 10, 67.—

From any cause of restraint.

To release from siege:

Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

Liv. 44, 30:

patriam obsidione solvere,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —

From moral restraints:

hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—

From laws and rules: legibus solvere.

To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

solvatne legibus Scipionem,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

Liv. 31, 50, 8:

Scipio legibus solutus est,

id. Epit. 56:

Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

nec leti lege solutas,

Lucr. 3, 687:

nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—

Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

solutus Legibus insanis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—

To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.

Of troops, ranks, etc.:

ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

Liv. 42, 65, 8:

incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

agmina Diductis solvere choris,

Verg. A. 5, 581:

solvit maniplos,

Juv. 8, 154:

solvuntur laudata cohors,

Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

commissas acies ego possum solvere,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—

Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

convivio soluto,

Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

convivium solvit,

Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

Quid cessas convivia solvere?

Ov. F. 6, 675:

coetuque soluto Discedunt,

id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

Quint. 1, 9, 2:

quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

id. 9, 4, 14:

ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

id. 1, 8, 13:

non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—

Implying a change for the worse.

To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

solutus luxu,

id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

soluti in luxum,

Tac. H. 2, 99:

in lasciviam,

id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

Quint. 9, 4, 49.—

To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

Lucr. 6, 798:

ima Solvuntur latera,

Verg. G. 3, 523:

solvi debilitate corporis,

paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

mentes solvere,

to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—

By frost ( poet.):

solvuntur illi frigore membra,

Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—

By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

Ov. M. 7, 186:

corpora somnus Solverat,

id. ib. 10, 369:

molli languore solutus,

id. ib. 11, 648;

11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

id. ib. 8, 817:

somno vinoque solutos,

id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

ut membra solvit sopor,

id. ib. 12, 867:

non solvit pectora somnus,

Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

solvitur in somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—

By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

corporibus quae senectus solvit,

Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

alius inter cenandum solutus est,

id. Ep. 66, 43:

ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

Sen. Troad. 605:

solvi inedia,

Petr. 111:

sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,

Of logical dissolution, to refute:

non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

argumentum solvere,

Quint. 2, 17, 34:

solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

Sen. Const. 12, 3.—

To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.

To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.

In a corporeal sense.

In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

Quint. 2, 12, 1:

qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

supera compage soluta,

Stat. Th. 8, 31.—

To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

nullo solvente catenas,

Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

solvere frenum,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

loris solutis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

gelu solvitur,

it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

solvitur acris hiems,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

Stat. Th. 5, 217:

digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

id. ib. 8, 585.—

To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

solve vidulum ergo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

eam solve cistulam,

id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

solve zonam,

untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

Stat. Th. 5, 62:

animai nodos a corpore solvit,

Lucr. 2, 950:

nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

solvere nodum,

Stat. Th. 11, 646:

laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

Ov. M. 9, 58:

fasciam solve,

Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

solutis fasciis,

Curt. 7, 6, 5:

solvi fasciculum,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

crinales vittas,

Verg. A. 7, 403:

Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

Curt. 7, 2, 25:

equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

redimicula solvite collo,

Ov. F. 4, 135:

corollas de fronte,

Prop. 1, 3, 21:

solvere portas,

Stat. Th. 3, 492:

munimina valli,

id. ib. 12, 10:

ille pharetram Solvit,

Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

solutis ac patefactis venis,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

venam cultello solvere,

Col. 6, 14; cf.

also: lychnis alvum solvit,

looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

ventrem,

Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—

Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.

Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).

Of the mouth, etc., to open:

talibus ora solvit verbis,

Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

os promptius ac solutius,

Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—

To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

morte solvetur compromissum,

Dig. 4, 8, 27:

soluto matrimonio,

ib. 24, 3, 2:

solutum conjugium,

Juv. 9, 79:

qui... conjugalia solvit,

Sen. Med. 144:

nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

Ov. M. 11, 743:

(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—

To efface guilt or wrong:

magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

Ov. F. 5, 304:

solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

id. ib. 2, 44:

culpa soluta mea est,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—

Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

capite poenas solvit,

Sall. J. 69, 4:

meritas poenas solventem,

Curt. 6, 3, 14:

poenarum solvendi tempus,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

nunc solvo poenas,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

id. Hippol. 1177.—

To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

Lucr. 4, 908:

curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

patrimonii cura solvatur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

solvite corde metum,

Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

solve metus animo,

Stat. Th. 2, 356:

solvi pericula et metus narrant,

Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

id. A. A. 2, 460:

solvitque pudorem,

Verg. A. 4, 55.—

Of sleep:

quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

lassitudinem solvere,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —

Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.

To raise a siege:

solutam cernebat obsidionem,

Liv. 36, 10, 14:

soluta obsidione,

id. 36, 31, 7:

ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—

Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

Liv. 36, 7, 13.—

To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

Sen. Oedip. 525:

sonipedes imperia solvunt,

id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—

Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

Curt. 10, 2, 5:

solutae a se legis monitus,

Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

Liv. 8, 4, 7:

(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

id. 1, 49, 7:

oportebat istum morem solvi,

Curt. 8, 8, 18.—

Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).

To subvert discipline:

disciplinam militarem solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7, 16:

luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

id. 40, 1, 4:

quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—

Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

vires solvere,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

Quint. 11, 3, 133.—

Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

hoc firmos solvit amores,

Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

Tib. 1, 2, 60.—

Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

vitex dicitur febres solvere,

Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

solvit jejunia granis,

Ov. F. 4, 607:

quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

famem,

Sen. Thyest. 64.—

To delay:

hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

Sen. Troad. 1131.—

Of darkness, to dispel:

lux solverat umbras,

Stat. Th. 10, 390.—

Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

Sen. Phoen. 406:

electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

jurgia solvere,

Manil. 3, 115:

contradictiones solvere,

Quint. 7, 1, 38.—

Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

aenigmata,

Quint. 8, 6, 53:

omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

Suet. Gram. 11:

haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

id. Ep. 48, 6:

carmina non intellecta Solverat,

Ov. M. 7, 760:

triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

Sen. Oedip. 102:

nodos juris,

Juv. 8, 50:

proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

Quint. 5, 10, 96:

plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

id. 1, 10, 49:

quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

id. 3, 7, 3:

ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—

In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.

Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

Liv. 6, 14, 5:

quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

pro vectura rem solvit?

paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

tibi res soluta est recte,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

si tergo res solvonda'st,

by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

id. Curc. 3, 9:

tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,

Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

id. ib. 20, 46:

misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

ut creditori solvat,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—

With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

id. Fl. 23, 54:

ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

aes alienum solvere,

Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

debitum solvere,

id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

ne pecunias creditas solverent,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

Liv. 6, 15, 5:

ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

cum patriae quod debes solveris,

Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —

By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

emi: pecuniam solvi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

pro frumento nihil solvit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

Liv. 44, 16:

hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

nisi pecuniam solvisset,

id. Cim. 1, 1:

condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

Liv. 30, 37 med.:

pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

id. 36, 3, 1:

pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

id. 32, 26, 14:

pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

id. 40, 39 fin.:

meritam mercedem,

id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

stipendium,

Liv. 28, 32, 1:

dotem mulieri,

Dig. 24, 3, 2:

litem aestimatam,

the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

arbitria funeris,

the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

solvere dodrantem,

to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

dona puer solvit,

paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

munera,

id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

si (actor) solutus fuisset,

Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —

Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

aliquid praesens solvere,

to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

Vell. 2, 25:

quas solvere grates sufficiam?

Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

homines dicere, se a me solvere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

(summa) erat solvenda de meo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

operas solvere alicui,

to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

Liv. 31, 13:

nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

Dig. 50, 17, 105:

qui modo solvendo sint,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

si solvendo sint,

Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

solvendo non erat,

Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

cum solvendo civitates non essent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —

To fulfil the duty of burial.

Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

Curt. 3, 12, 15:

proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

id. 10, 6, 7:

ut justa soluta Remo,

Ov. F. 5, 452:

nunc justa nato solve,

Sen. Hippol. 1245.—

Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

exsequiis rite solutis,

Verg. A. 7, 5:

cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

Sen. Hippol. 1198:

solvere suprema militibus,

Tac. A. 1, 61.—

Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.

Alone:

vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

id. 40, 44, 8:

placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

id. 36, 37 fin.:

petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

id. 45, 44:

animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

vota pater solvit,

Ov. M. 9, 707:

ne votum solvat,

Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

voti debita solvere,

Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

ib. 2022 et saep.:

sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

Manil. 1, 427.—

With dat.:

ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

vota Jovi solvo,

Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

sunt vota soluta deae,

id. F. 6, 248:

dis vota solvis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

Just. 18, 5, 4.—

Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

fidem obligatam liberare,

Suet. Claud. 9):

illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

Flor. 1, 1, 12;

similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—

Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

perinde quasi promissum solvens,

Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.

Lit.

(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

Liv. 27, 51:

eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

id. 24, 45, 10:

non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

Col. 2, 9:

soluta et facilis terra,

id. 3, 14;

solum solutum vel spissum,

id. 2, 2 init.;

seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

solutiores ripae,

Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

mas spissior, femina solutior,

Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—

(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

Cic. Or. 47, 173:

verbis solutus satis,

id. ib. 47, 174:

solutissimus in dicendo,

id. ib. 48, 180.—

Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

solutus omni fenore,

Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

Liv. 8, 32, 5:

Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—

Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—

Free from cares, undistracted:

animo soluto liberoque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—

At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—

Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

vultus,

Stat. Th. 5, 355:

(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—

Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

Tac. A. 2, 4:

quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

rectore solutos (solis) equos,

Stat. Th. 1, 219.—

Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

judicio senatus soluto et libero,

id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—

Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

amores soluti et liberi,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

licentia,

id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

id. Mil. 13, 34:

quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

id. 2, 1, 2:

solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

Suet. Aug. 44:

mores soluti,

licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—

Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—

Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.

Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—

More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

Cic. Or. 52, 174:

mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

id. ib. 7, 1:

primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

id. Or. 57, 192:

et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

id. ib. 64, 215:

a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—

Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—

Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

solutiora componere,

id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—

Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

Quint. 11, 3, 146.—

Undisciplined, disorderly:

omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

Liv. 8, 30, 3:

nihil temeritate solutum,

Tac. A. 13, 40:

apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

Just. 34, 2, 2.—

Lax, remiss, weak:

mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

Tac. Or. 18:

soluti ac fluentes,

Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

solutum genus orationis,

a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—

(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

aliquid in solutum dare,

to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

qui rem in solutum accipit,

Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

in solutum imputare,

to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.

Thinly:

corpora diffusa solute,

Lucr. 4, 53.—

Of speech, fluently:

non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,

Cic. Brut. 29, 110:

ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,

id. ib. 81, 280:

quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,

Tac. A. 4, 31.—

Irregularly, loosely:

a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—

Freely, without restraint:

generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,

i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—

Of style, without connection, loosely:

enuntiare,

Quint. 11, 2, 47.—

Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:

praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,

id. 23, 37, 6.—

Weakly, tamely, without vigor:

quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—

Of morals, loosely, without restraint:

ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,

Tac. A. 13, 47.

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

soluisse,

Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.

In a corporeal sense.

Outwardly, to release.

From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

solvite istas,

i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

solvite istum,

id. Mil. 5, 32:

numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

jube solvi (eum),

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

ut vincti solvantur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

ita nexi soluti (sunt),

Liv. 8, 28, 9:

solvite me, pueri,

Verg. E. 6, 24:

fore ut brevi solveretur,

Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

canis solutus catena,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

Stat. Th. 5, 15:

terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—

From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

solverat sol equos,

unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

id. H. 11, 4:

praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

soluta toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 147:

vela solvere,

Verg. A. 4, 574.—

From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

Prop. 2, 1, 69:

fraxinus solvitur,

from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

ceciditque soluta pinus,

id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

pinus radice soluta, deficit,

id. S. 5, 1, 152:

solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

querno solvunt de stipite funem,

id. F. 4, 333:

fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

imber caelesti nube solutus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

cum solis radii absumant,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

solutum a latere pugionem,

detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—

Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.

With acc. alone:

eisce confectis navem solvimus,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

navim cupimus solvere,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

naves solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

Liv. 45, 6:

postero die solvere naves (jussi),

id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

classem solvere,

Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—

With ab and abl.:

navis a terra solverunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

Liv. 31, 7 med.:

solvunt a litore puppes,

Luc. 2, 649.—

With ex and abl.:

nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—

With abl.:

complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

portu solventibus,

id. Mur. 2, 4.—

Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

tertia fere vigilia solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

nos eo die cenati solvimus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

Liv. 31, 14 init.:

qui inde solverant,

Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

solvi mare languido,

Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—

With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Poet. usages:

de litore puppis solvit iter,

clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—

Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

Lucr. 6, 706:

cruor solvitur,

Stat. Th. 9, 530:

lacrimas solvere,

id. Achill. 2, 256:

solutis lacrimis,

Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

partus solvere,

to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—

To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.

In gen.:

omne colligatum solvi potest,

Cic. Fin. 11.—

Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

Curt. 8, 10, 3:

solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

dubitavit an solveret pontem,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere pontem,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

si pons solutus sit,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

solutus pons tempestatibus,

Just. 2, 13, 9:

currum (solis) solutum,

Manil. 1, 740.—

Of woven stuff:

solvens texta,

Prop. 2, 9, 6.—

Of mountains:

utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

id. Agam. 553.—

Of the neck:

soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—

Of a comet:

momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—

Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

solve capillos,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

crinem,

id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

comas casside,

Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—

Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

Stat. Th. 7, 745. —

To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.

Of a change into air or gas:

calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

Stat. Th. 5, 285;

nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

Ov. M. 15, 845.—

Into a liquid, to melt:

saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

nivem solvere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

rigor auri solvitur aestu,

Lucr. 1, 493:

ferrum calidi solvant camini,

Manil. 4, 250:

cerae igne solutae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

(herba) quinto die solvitur,

id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—

Of putrefaction:

(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

Verg. G. 4, 302.—

Of change in general:

inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

Ov. F. 1, 108:

repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—

Of expansion by heat:

(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—

Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

gravitas aeris solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—

Solvi in, to pass into, become:

in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—

To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

solvere orbes,

Manil. 1, 497:

ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

Lucr. 3, 287:

(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

Liv. 39, 40, 11:

si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

tabes solvit corpora,

Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

id. 3, 506:

ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

hanc mihi solvite vitam,

Prop. 2, 9, 39.—

Trop.

To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.

From the body, etc.:

teque isto corpore solvo,

Verg. A. 4, 703:

soluta corpore anima,

Quint. 5, 14, 13:

qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

vocem solvere,

to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

suspiria solvit,

Stat. Th. 11, 604:

solvat turba jocos,

Sen. Med. 114:

solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—

Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

id. Const. 11, 3:

(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

From obligations and debts:

solvit me debito,

Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

an nos debito solverit,

id. Ep. 81, 3:

ut religione civitas solvatur,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

sacramento solvi,

Tac. A. 16, 13:

cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

Dig. 49, 16, 13:

militia solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

ut manere solveretur,

that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—

From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

id. ib. 4, 9:

sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

Ov. F. 6, 452:

ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

id. ib. 2, 40:

Helenen ego crimine solvo,

id. A. A. 2, 371:

quid crimine solvis Germanum?

Stat. Th. 11, 379:

solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —

From feelings, etc.:

quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

senatus cura belli solutus,

Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

pectus linquunt cura solutum,

Lucr. 2, 45:

his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

soluti metu,

Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

solvent formidine terras,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

solve metu patriam,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

metu belli Scythas solvit,

Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

soluti a cupiditatibus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

longo luctu,

Verg. A. 2, 26:

tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

Sen. Hippol. 450:

solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

rabie tigrim,

Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

solvite animos,

Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

vix haec in munera solvo animum,

i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—

From sleep, very rare:

ego somno solutus sum,

awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—

From labor, business, etc.:

volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—

From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

frontem solvere disce,

Mart. 14, 183:

saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

Stat. Th. 11, 373:

solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

vultum risu solvit,

relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

solvere judicem,

unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

solventur risu tabulae,

i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

Quint. 5, 10, 67.—

From any cause of restraint.

To release from siege:

Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

Liv. 44, 30:

patriam obsidione solvere,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —

From moral restraints:

hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—

From laws and rules: legibus solvere.

To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

solvatne legibus Scipionem,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

Liv. 31, 50, 8:

Scipio legibus solutus est,

id. Epit. 56:

Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

nec leti lege solutas,

Lucr. 3, 687:

nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—

Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

solutus Legibus insanis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—

To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.

Of troops, ranks, etc.:

ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

Liv. 42, 65, 8:

incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

agmina Diductis solvere choris,

Verg. A. 5, 581:

solvit maniplos,

Juv. 8, 154:

solvuntur laudata cohors,

Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

commissas acies ego possum solvere,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—

Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

convivio soluto,

Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

convivium solvit,

Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

Quid cessas convivia solvere?

Ov. F. 6, 675:

coetuque soluto Discedunt,

id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

Quint. 1, 9, 2:

quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

id. 9, 4, 14:

ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

id. 1, 8, 13:

non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—

Implying a change for the worse.

To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

solutus luxu,

id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

soluti in luxum,

Tac. H. 2, 99:

in lasciviam,

id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

Quint. 9, 4, 49.—

To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

Lucr. 6, 798:

ima Solvuntur latera,

Verg. G. 3, 523:

solvi debilitate corporis,

paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

mentes solvere,

to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—

By frost ( poet.):

solvuntur illi frigore membra,

Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—

By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

Ov. M. 7, 186:

corpora somnus Solverat,

id. ib. 10, 369:

molli languore solutus,

id. ib. 11, 648;

11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

id. ib. 8, 817:

somno vinoque solutos,

id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

ut membra solvit sopor,

id. ib. 12, 867:

non solvit pectora somnus,

Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

solvitur in somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—

By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

corporibus quae senectus solvit,

Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

alius inter cenandum solutus est,

id. Ep. 66, 43:

ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

Sen. Troad. 605:

solvi inedia,

Petr. 111:

sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,

Of logical dissolution, to refute:

non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

argumentum solvere,

Quint. 2, 17, 34:

solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

Sen. Const. 12, 3.—

To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.

To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.

In a corporeal sense.

In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

Quint. 2, 12, 1:

qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

supera compage soluta,

Stat. Th. 8, 31.—

To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

nullo solvente catenas,

Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

solvere frenum,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

loris solutis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

gelu solvitur,

it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

solvitur acris hiems,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

Stat. Th. 5, 217:

digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

id. ib. 8, 585.—

To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

solve vidulum ergo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

eam solve cistulam,

id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

solve zonam,

untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

Stat. Th. 5, 62:

animai nodos a corpore solvit,

Lucr. 2, 950:

nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

solvere nodum,

Stat. Th. 11, 646:

laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

Ov. M. 9, 58:

fasciam solve,

Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

solutis fasciis,

Curt. 7, 6, 5:

solvi fasciculum,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

crinales vittas,

Verg. A. 7, 403:

Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

Curt. 7, 2, 25:

equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

redimicula solvite collo,

Ov. F. 4, 135:

corollas de fronte,

Prop. 1, 3, 21:

solvere portas,

Stat. Th. 3, 492:

munimina valli,

id. ib. 12, 10:

ille pharetram Solvit,

Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

solutis ac patefactis venis,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

venam cultello solvere,

Col. 6, 14; cf.

also: lychnis alvum solvit,

looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

ventrem,

Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—

Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.

Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).

Of the mouth, etc., to open:

talibus ora solvit verbis,

Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

os promptius ac solutius,

Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—

To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

morte solvetur compromissum,

Dig. 4, 8, 27:

soluto matrimonio,

ib. 24, 3, 2:

solutum conjugium,

Juv. 9, 79:

qui... conjugalia solvit,

Sen. Med. 144:

nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

Ov. M. 11, 743:

(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—

To efface guilt or wrong:

magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

Ov. F. 5, 304:

solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

id. ib. 2, 44:

culpa soluta mea est,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—

Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

capite poenas solvit,

Sall. J. 69, 4:

meritas poenas solventem,

Curt. 6, 3, 14:

poenarum solvendi tempus,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

nunc solvo poenas,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

id. Hippol. 1177.—

To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

Lucr. 4, 908:

curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

patrimonii cura solvatur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

solvite corde metum,

Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

solve metus animo,

Stat. Th. 2, 356:

solvi pericula et metus narrant,

Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

id. A. A. 2, 460:

solvitque pudorem,

Verg. A. 4, 55.—

Of sleep:

quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

lassitudinem solvere,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —

Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.

To raise a siege:

solutam cernebat obsidionem,

Liv. 36, 10, 14:

soluta obsidione,

id. 36, 31, 7:

ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—

Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

Liv. 36, 7, 13.—

To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

Sen. Oedip. 525:

sonipedes imperia solvunt,

id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—

Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

Curt. 10, 2, 5:

solutae a se legis monitus,

Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

Liv. 8, 4, 7:

(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

id. 1, 49, 7:

oportebat istum morem solvi,

Curt. 8, 8, 18.—

Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).

To subvert discipline:

disciplinam militarem solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7, 16:

luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

id. 40, 1, 4:

quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—

Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

vires solvere,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

Quint. 11, 3, 133.—

Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

hoc firmos solvit amores,

Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

Tib. 1, 2, 60.—

Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

vitex dicitur febres solvere,

Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

solvit jejunia granis,

Ov. F. 4, 607:

quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

famem,

Sen. Thyest. 64.—

To delay:

hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

Sen. Troad. 1131.—

Of darkness, to dispel:

lux solverat umbras,

Stat. Th. 10, 390.—

Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

Sen. Phoen. 406:

electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

jurgia solvere,

Manil. 3, 115:

contradictiones solvere,

Quint. 7, 1, 38.—

Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

aenigmata,

Quint. 8, 6, 53:

omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

Suet. Gram. 11:

haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

id. Ep. 48, 6:

carmina non intellecta Solverat,

Ov. M. 7, 760:

triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

Sen. Oedip. 102:

nodos juris,

Juv. 8, 50:

proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

Quint. 5, 10, 96:

plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

id. 1, 10, 49:

quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

id. 3, 7, 3:

ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—

In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.

Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

Liv. 6, 14, 5:

quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

pro vectura rem solvit?

paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

tibi res soluta est recte,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

si tergo res solvonda'st,

by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

id. Curc. 3, 9:

tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,

Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

id. ib. 20, 46:

misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

ut creditori solvat,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—

With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

id. Fl. 23, 54:

ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

aes alienum solvere,

Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

debitum solvere,

id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

ne pecunias creditas solverent,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

Liv. 6, 15, 5:

ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

cum patriae quod debes solveris,

Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —

By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

emi: pecuniam solvi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

pro frumento nihil solvit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

Liv. 44, 16:

hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

nisi pecuniam solvisset,

id. Cim. 1, 1:

condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

Liv. 30, 37 med.:

pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

id. 36, 3, 1:

pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

id. 32, 26, 14:

pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

id. 40, 39 fin.:

meritam mercedem,

id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

stipendium,

Liv. 28, 32, 1:

dotem mulieri,

Dig. 24, 3, 2:

litem aestimatam,

the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

arbitria funeris,

the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

solvere dodrantem,

to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

dona puer solvit,

paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

munera,

id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

si (actor) solutus fuisset,

Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —

Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

aliquid praesens solvere,

to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

Vell. 2, 25:

quas solvere grates sufficiam?

Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

homines dicere, se a me solvere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

(summa) erat solvenda de meo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

operas solvere alicui,

to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

Liv. 31, 13:

nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

Dig. 50, 17, 105:

qui modo solvendo sint,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

si solvendo sint,

Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

solvendo non erat,

Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

cum solvendo civitates non essent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —

To fulfil the duty of burial.

Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

Curt. 3, 12, 15:

proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

id. 10, 6, 7:

ut justa soluta Remo,

Ov. F. 5, 452:

nunc justa nato solve,

Sen. Hippol. 1245.—

Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

exsequiis rite solutis,

Verg. A. 7, 5:

cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

Sen. Hippol. 1198:

solvere suprema militibus,

Tac. A. 1, 61.—

Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.

Alone:

vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

id. 40, 44, 8:

placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

id. 36, 37 fin.:

petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

id. 45, 44:

animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

vota pater solvit,

Ov. M. 9, 707:

ne votum solvat,

Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

voti debita solvere,

Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

ib. 2022 et saep.:

sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

Manil. 1, 427.—

With dat.:

ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

vota Jovi solvo,

Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

sunt vota soluta deae,

id. F. 6, 248:

dis vota solvis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

Just. 18, 5, 4.—

Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

fidem obligatam liberare,

Suet. Claud. 9):

illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

Flor. 1, 1, 12;

similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—

Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

perinde quasi promissum solvens,

Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.

Lit.

(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

Liv. 27, 51:

eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

id. 24, 45, 10:

non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

Col. 2, 9:

soluta et facilis terra,

id. 3, 14;

solum solutum vel spissum,

id. 2, 2 init.;

seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

solutiores ripae,

Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

mas spissior, femina solutior,

Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—

(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

Cic. Or. 47, 173:

verbis solutus satis,

id. ib. 47, 174:

solutissimus in dicendo,

id. ib. 48, 180.—

Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

solutus omni fenore,

Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

Liv. 8, 32, 5:

Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—

Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—

Free from cares, undistracted:

animo soluto liberoque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—

At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—

Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

vultus,

Stat. Th. 5, 355:

(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—

Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

Tac. A. 2, 4:

quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

rectore solutos (solis) equos,

Stat. Th. 1, 219.—

Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

judicio senatus soluto et libero,

id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—

Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

amores soluti et liberi,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

licentia,

id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

id. Mil. 13, 34:

quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

id. 2, 1, 2:

solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

Suet. Aug. 44:

mores soluti,

licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—

Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—

Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.

Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—

More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

Cic. Or. 52, 174:

mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

id. ib. 7, 1:

primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

id. Or. 57, 192:

et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

id. ib. 64, 215:

a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—

Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—

Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

solutiora componere,

id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—

Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

Quint. 11, 3, 146.—

Undisciplined, disorderly:

omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

Liv. 8, 30, 3:

nihil temeritate solutum,

Tac. A. 13, 40:

apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

Just. 34, 2, 2.—

Lax, remiss, weak:

mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

Tac. Or. 18:

soluti ac fluentes,

Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

solutum genus orationis,

a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—

(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

aliquid in solutum dare,

to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

qui rem in solutum accipit,

Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

in solutum imputare,

to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.

Thinly:

corpora diffusa solute,

Lucr. 4, 53.—

Of speech, fluently:

non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,

Cic. Brut. 29, 110:

ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,

id. ib. 81, 280:

quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,

Tac. A. 4, 31.—

Irregularly, loosely:

a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—

Freely, without restraint:

generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,

i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—

Of style, without connection, loosely:

enuntiare,

Quint. 11, 2, 47.—

Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:

praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,

id. 23, 37, 6.—

Weakly, tamely, without vigor:

quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—

Of morals, loosely, without restraint:

ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,

Tac. A. 13, 47.

πίστις, εως, ἡ (Hes., Hdt.+; ranging in meaning from subjective confidence to objective basis for confidence).

① that which evokes trust and faith

ⓐ the state of being someone in whom confidence can be placed, faithfulness, reliability, fidelity, commitment (X., An. 1, 6, 3; 3, 3, 4; Aristot., Eth. Eud, 7, 2, 1237b, 12; Polyb. 7, 12, 9; 38, 1, 8 al.; Herodian 2, 14, 4 al.; SIG 675, 22; OGI 557, 16; PTebt 27, 6; 51 [II B.C.]; POxy 494, 9; 705, 32; other pap M-M. s.v.; Ps 32:4; Pr 12:22; Jos., Ant. 2, 61; TestAsh 7:7) w. κρίσις and ἔλεος Mt 23:23. (Opp. ἀπιστία as Hes., Op. 370) τὴν πίστιν τοῦ θεοῦ καταργεῖν nullify the faithfulness/commitment of God (cp. Ps 32:4; Hos 2:22) Ro 3:3. πᾶσαν π. ἐνδείκνυσθαι ἀγαθήν show all good faith(fulness) Tit 2:10 (cp. BGU 314, 19 μετὰ πίστεως ἀγαθῆς). W. other virtues Gal 5:22 (on πίστις, πραΰτης cp. Sir 45:4; 1:27). W. ὑπομονή 2 Th 1:4. τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα I have remained faithful or loyal (πίστιν τηρεῖν as Polyb. 6, 56, 13; 10, 37, 5; Jos., Bell. 2, 121; 6, 345; OGI 339, 46f; IBM III, 587b, 5f [Dssm., LO 262=LAE 309, esp. note 3]) 2 Ti 4:7, though this would be classified by some under 3 below. S. also 1c below.

ⓑ a solemn promise to be faithful and loyal, assurance, oath, troth (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 44; 8, 8, 3, Hell. 1, 3, 12; Diod S 14, 9, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 86 §362 μεγάλας πίστεις ἔδωκεν=solemn assurances; 3 Macc 3:10; Jos., Ant. 12, 382) τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν 1 Ti 5:12 (s. also ἀθετέω 1 and cp. CIA app. [Wünsch, Praef. p. xv] of a woman who πρώτη ἠθέτησεν τὴν πίστιν to her husband). Cp. Rv 2:3.

ⓒ a token offered as a guarantee of someth. promised, proof, pledge (Pla., Phd. 70b; Isocr. 3, 8; Aristot., Rhet. 1, 1; 3, 13; Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 63; 85: πίστις βεβαία=dependable proof; Polyb. 3, 100, 3; Περὶ ὕψους 39, 3=p. 74, 20 V.; Epict. 1, 28, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 119 §500; Jos., Ant. 15, 69) πίστιν παρασχὼν πᾶσιν ἀναστήσας αὐτόν (God has appointed a man [Jesus] to be judge of the world, and) he has furnished proof (of his fitness for this office) to all people by raising him (on πίστιν παρέχειν cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 218 πίστιν παρεῖχε; 15, 260; Polyb. 2, 52, 4 πίστιν παρέσχετο=gave a pledge, security; Vett. Val. 277, 29f) Ac 17:31. JBarton, Biblica 40, ’59, 878–84: π. in 2 Ti 4:7= bond deposited by an athlete. But see 3 below.—WSchmitz, ῾Η Πίστις in den Papyri, diss. Cologne, ’64.

② state of believing on the basis of the reliability of the one trusted, trust, confidence, faith in the active sense=‘believing’, in ref. to deity (Soph. Oed. R. 1445 νῦν γʼ ἂν τῷ θεῷ πίστιν φέροις; Pla., Leg. 12, 966de; Plut. Mor. 402e; 756b; Dio Chrys. 3, 51 παρὰ θεῶν τιμὴ κ. πίστις; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 226 D.: πίστιν ἐν τ. θεοῖς ἔχειν; Appian, Liby. 57 §248 ἐς θεοὺς πίστις; Ep. 33 of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 352, 14]; Herm. Wr. 9, 10 ἐπίστευσε καὶ ἐν τῇ καλῇ πίστει ἐπανεπαύσατο; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 21 τῆς βεβαίας πίστεως, τὸ μεμαθηκέναι, ὅτι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ προνοεῖται πάντα. The divinity Πίστις in Plut., Num. 70 [16, 1] and in magic [exx. in Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 234f, among them Aberciusins. 12; PGM 4, 1014 ἀλήθεια καὶ πίστις; 12, 228]; Wsd 3:14; 4 Macc 15:24; 16:22; 17:2; Philo, Abr. 270; 271; 273, Mut. Nom. 182, Migr. Abr. 43f, Conf. Lingu. 31, Poster. Cai. 13 [on faith in Philo s. the lit. given under πιστεύω 2aα]; Jos, C. Ap. 2, 163; 169; Just., A I, 52, 1 πίστιν ἔχειν; 53, 11 πειθὼ καὶ πίστιν … ἐμφορῆσαι), in our lit. directed toward God and Christ, their revelations, teachings, promises, their power and readiness to aid.

ⓐ God: πίστις θεοῦ (cp. Jos., Ant. 17, 179.—Cp. π. καὶ φόβος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [p. 72, 26]) faith, trust, confidence in God Mk 11:22; cp. Ac 19:20 D; 1 Cl 3:4; 27:3. π. θείου πνεύμαπος faith in the divine spirit Hm 11:9. ἡ π. τοῦ κυρίου Hs 6, 3, 6. π. (καὶ ἐλπὶς) εἰς θεόν 1 Pt 1:21. π. ἐπὶ θεόν Hb 6:1. ἡ πίστις ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8 (on the constr. w. πρὸς τ. θ. cp. Philo, Abr. 268; 271; 273; Just., D. 121, 2 διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον π.).—πίστις can also be characterized as faith in God by the context, without the addition of specific words; so in connection w. OT personalities: Abraham Ro 4:5, 9, 11–13, 16, 19f (s. also 2dα below); 1 Cl 10:7; 31:2; of Rahab 12:1, 8; of Esther 55:6 (ἡ τελεία κατὰ πίστιν). The OT heroes of faith Hb 11:4–33, 39 (w. this catalogue of heroes cp. Il. 4, 457–538; 2 Km 23:8–39; 1 Ch 11:10–12:18; CGordon, Homer, and the Bible: HUCA 26, ’55, 83).—But in Hb it is also true that God is specifically the object of the Christian’s faith, and Christ 12:2 is ὁ τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸς καὶ τελειώτης. Cp. 10:38; 11:3; 13:7. (On faith in Hb s. Schlatter, Der Glaube im NT⁴ 1927, 520ff; BHeigl, Verfasser u. Adresse des Hb 1905, 109–18; GHoennicke, Die sittl. Anschauungen des Hb: ZWT 45, 1902, 26ff; Windisch, Hdb. exc. on Hb 11; Riggenbach and Michel on Hb 11; Strathmann on 10:38. S. ὑπόστασις end.)—ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν Mt 17:20. Opp. doubt 21:21. αἰτεῖν ἐν πίστει μηδὲν διακρινόμενος Js 1:6. ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως 5:15 (εὐχή 1). ἡ πίστις τῆς ἐνεργείας τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν faith in the working of God, who raised him from the dead Col 2:12.

ⓑ Christ

α. of belief and trust in the Lord’s help in physical and spiritual distress; oft. in the synopt. gospels: Mt 8:10; 9:2, 22, 29 (κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν); 15:28; Mk 2:5; 4:40; 5:34; 10:52; Lk 5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:25, 48; 17:19; 18:42.—Cp. ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι (the lame man) had faith that he would be cured Ac 14:9.

β. of faith in Christ, designated by the addition of certain words. By the obj. gen. (s. Just., D. 52, 4 διὰ τῆς πίστεως τῆς τοῦ χριστοῦ) πίστις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ faith in Jesus Christ (and sim. exprs. On interp. as obj. gen. s. AHultgren, NovT 22, ’80, 248–63 [lit.]; response SWilliams, CBQ 49, ’87, 431–47.) Ro 3:22, 26; Gal 2:16ab, 20; 3:22; Eph 3:12; Phil 3:9a; Js 2:1; Rv 14:12; cp. 2:13 (ἡ πίστις μου=faith in me, the Human One [Son of Man]); IMg 1:1. (The πίστις Χριστοῦ in Paul is taken as a subj. gen. by JHaussleiter, Der Glaube Jesu Christi 1891, Was versteht Paulus unter christlichem Glauben?: Greifswalder Studien für HCremer 1895, 161–82 and GKittel, StKr 79, 1906, 419ff. See also Schläger, ZNW 7, 1906, 356–58; BLongenecker, NTS 39, ’93, 478–80 [lit. since ’81]; DCampbell, JBL 113, ’94, 265–85; response BDodd, 114, ’95, 470–73.—ADeissmann, Paulus² 1925, 125f [Paul, tr. WWilson, 1926, 162ff], speaks of the mystical gen., ‘faith in Christ’. Likew. HWeber, Die Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff, esp. 231, 3; WWeber, Christusmystik 1924, 82. S. also LAlbrecht, Der Glaube Jesu Christi 1921; OSchmitz, Die Christusgemeinschaft des Pls im Lichte seines Genetivgebr. 1924, 91–134; OHoltzmann, D. Glaube an Jes.: Stromata 1930, 11–25; GTaylor, JBL 85, ’66, 58–76: the passages in Gal=Christ’s reliability as a trustee. Cp. GHoward, HTR 60, ’67, 459–65; MHooker, NTS 35, ’89, 321–42.)—By prepositional phrases: πίστις εἰς Χριστόν (and sim. exprs.) faith in Christ Ac 20:21; 24:24; 26:18; Col 2:5 (Just., D. 40, 1).—Also πίστις ἐν Χριστῷ (and sim.) Gal 3:26; Eph 1:15; Col 1:4; 1 Ti 3:13; 2 Ti 3:15; 1 Cl 22:1. In ἱλαστήριον διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι Ro 3:25, ἐν κτλ. prob. goes not w. πίστις, but w. ἱλαστήριον (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; W-S. §20, 5d).—πίστις, ἣν ἔχεις πρὸς τ. κύριον Ἰησοῦν Phlm 5.—πίστις διὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χριστοῦ Ac 20:21 D; sim. ἡ πίστις ἡ διʼ αὐτοῦ 3:16b (cp. 1 Pt 1:21).—Jesus Christ is called ἡ τελεία πίστις ISm 10:2.

ⓒ πίστις can also be characterized by an objective gen. of the thing: ἡ πίστις τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ faith in his (Jesus’) name Ac 3:16a. ἡ πίστις τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Phil 1:27. εὐαγγελίων πίστις Dg 11:6. πίστις ἀληθείας 2 Th 2:13.

ⓓ πίστις is found mostly without an obj., faith, firm commitment

α. as true piety, genuine devotion (Sextus 7a and 7; ParJer 6:7), which for our lit. means being a Christian (τὸ ἀληθινὸν πάσχα … πίστει νονούμενον Hippol., Ref. 8, 18, 1; Did., Gen. 54, 11) Lk 18:8 (s. Jülicher, Gleichn. 288); 22:32; Ac 6:5=vs. 8 v.l.; cp. 11:24.—6:7; 13:8; 14:22; 15:9; 16:5; Ro 1:5, 8, 12, 17ab (ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν does not mean a gradation [as, in a way, Appian, Mithrid. 40 §154: Sulla came upon ἕτερον ὅμοιον ἐξ ἑτέρου=one wall, i.e. fortification, after another similar one] or a transition from one kind to another [Himerius, Or.=Ecl. 10, 6 ἐκ ᾠδῆς εἰς ᾠδὴν ἄλλην μετέβαλον=they changed from one kind of song to another], but merely expresses in a rhetorical way that πίστις is the beginning and the end; s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc., and a grave-ins [ANock, Sallust. p. xxxiii, 94] ἐκ γῆς εἰς γῆν ὁ βίος οὗτοσ=‘dust is the beginning and the end of human life’.—AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54); 17c (here and in Gal 3:11 the LXX of Hab 2:4 [DCampbell, JBL 116, ’97, 713–19] is not followed literally, since it has ἐκ πίστεώς μου=‘as a result of my faithfulness’; even in Hb 10:38, where μου does occur, it goes w. δίκαιος, not w. πίστεως); Ro 3:27f (Luther’s addition of the word ‘alone’ in vs. 28 is hard to contest linguistically. Cp., e.g., Diog. L. 9, 6: Heraclitus wrote his work in very obscure language ὅπως οἱ δυνάμενοι προσίοιεν αὐτῷ=in order that only the capable might approach it. S. also Fitzmyer, ABComm. 360–64), 30f; 4:5–20 (s. also 2a above); 5:1f; 9:30, 32; 10:6, 17; 11:20 (opp. ἀπιστία); 12:3, 6 (s. ἀναλογία; for a difft. view 3 below); 14:1, 22 (s. ἐνώπιον 2b; others would place in 2dε), 23ab (but s. ε below); 16:26; 1 Cor 2:5; 15:14, 17; 16:13; 2 Cor 1:24ab; 4:13; 10:15; 13:5; Gal 3:7–26; 5:5, 6 (s. ἐνεργέω 1b); 6:10 (οἱ οἰκεῖοι τῆς πίστεως, s. οἰκεῖος b); Eph 2:8; 3:17; 4:5, 13; 6:16; Phil 1:25 (χαρὰ τῆς πίστεως); 2:17; 3:9b; Col 1:23; 2:7; 1 Th 3:2, 5, 7, 10; 2 Th 1:3, 11; 3:2; 1 Ti 1:2, 4, 5 (π. ἀνυπόκριτος), 19ab; 4:1; 5:8; 6:10, 12, 21 (but s. 3 below); 2 Ti 1:5 (ἀνυπόκριτος π.); 2:18; 3:8; Tit 1:1, 4, 13; 3:15; Phlm 6 (s. κοινωνία 4); Hb 6:12; 10:22, 39 (opp. ὑποστολή); Js 1:3; 2:5; 1 Pt 1:5, 7, 9; 5:9; 2 Pt 1:1; 1J 5:4; 1 Cl 1:2 (ἡ πανάρετος κ. βεβαία π.); ISm 1:1 (ἀκίνητος π.); Hm 5, 2, 1; 12, 5, 4 (both πλήρης ἐν τῇ πίστει full of faith); 5, 2, 3 (π. ὁλόκληρος); 9:6 (ὁλοτελὴς ἐν τ. π.), 7 (opp. διψυχία), 12 (π. ἡ ἔχουσα δύναμιν); 12, 6, 1; Hs 9, 19, 2 (ἀπὸ τῆς π. κενοί); 9, 26, 8 (κολοβοὶ ἀπὸ τῆς π. αὐτῶν).—τὸ ῥῆμα τ. πίστεως Ro 10:8. οἱ λόγοι τῆς π. 1 Ti 4:6. τὸ μυστήριον τῆς π. 3:9. ὁ θεὸς ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως God has opened the door of faith to the Gentiles, i.e. opened the way for them to participate in a new relationship w. God Ac 14:27 (s. also θύρα 1bγ). ἀκοὴ πίστεως Gal 3:2, 5 (s. ἀκοή 2 and 4b). (τὸ) ἔργον (τῆς) π. 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11 (s. ἔργον 1b). οἱ ἐκ πίστεως the people of faith (s. ἐκ 3b) Gal 3:7, 9. πῶς οὐν [πίστιν εὑρ]ίσκομεν; Ox 1081, 25f (but here [ταῦτα γιγν]ώ̣σκομεν is the preferable restoration w. Till after the Coptic SJCh 90, 2); 32. Of gnostics τοῦ ὄφεως πίστιν ἔχουσιν AcPlCor 2:20.—If the principal component of Christianity is faith, then π. can be understood as the Gospel in terms of the commitment it evokes (cp. SIG 932, 7 [II/I B.C.]) νῦν εὐαγγελίζεται τὴν πίστιν ἥν ποτε ἐπόρθει Gal 1:23 (s. 3 below). Perh. also Ro 1:5.

β. Hb 11:1 defines πίστις as ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων. There is here no qu. about the mng. of π. as confidence or assurance (s. 2a above), but on its relation to ὑπόστασις as its predication s. under that word.—(Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 18 interprets πιστεύειν in someth. as incapability to see someth. that is apparent only to God.) Paul contrasts walking διὰ εἴδους (εἶδος 3) as the lower degree, with διὰ πίστεως περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 5:7 (s. KDeissner, Pls. u. die Mystik seiner Zeit² 1921, 101ff). On the other hand πίστις is on a higher level than merely listening to Christian preaching Hb 4:2.

γ. πίστις abs., as a Christian virtue, is often coupled w. others of the same kind, esp. oft. w. ἀγάπη: 1 Th 3:6; 5:8; 1 Ti 1:14; 2 Ti 1:13; Phlm 5; B 11:8; IEph 1:1; 9:1; 14:1; 20:1; IMg 1:2; 13:1; IRo ins; ISm ins; 6:1; 13:2; AcPl Ha 8, 35. W. ἀγάπη and other abstracts 2 Cor 8:7; Gal 5:22; Eph 6:23; 1 Ti 2:15; 4:12; 6:11: 2 Ti 2:22; 3:10; Tit 2:2; Rv 2:19; IPhld 11:2; Pol 4:2; Hm 8:9; cp. v 3, 8, 2–5. The triad πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη 1 Cor 13:13; cp. also Col 1:4f; 1 Th 1:3; 5:8; B 1:4 (on this triad see s.v. ἀγάπη 1aα). W. ἐλπίς only (cp. 1 Pt 1:21) 1 Cl 58:2. The ζωῆς ἐλπίς is called ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος πίστεως ἡμῶν B 1:6.—W. ἀλήθεια (TestLevi 8:2) 1 Ti 2:7 (cp. the combination POxy 70, 4f [III A.D.]); 1 Cl 60:4. W. δικαιοσύνη Pol 9:2. W. ὑπομονή Rv 13:10; w. ὑπομ. and other abstracts 2 Pt 1:5f; Pol 13:2 (cp. also the following passages already referred to in this section: 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 3:10; Tit 2:2 and Js 1:3 [α above]). W. γνῶσις (Just., D. 69, 1) et al. 2 Pt 1:5f [s. above]; D 10:2. ἵνα μετὰ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν τελείαν ἔχητε τὴν γνῶσιν B 1:5. W. φόβος and ἐγκράτεια Hm 6, 1, 1.—(Distinguished from θεία σοφία: Orig., C. Cels. 6, 13, 23.)

δ. faith as fidelity to Christian teaching. This point of view calls for ἔργα as well as the kind of πίστις that represents only one side of true piety: Js 2:14ab, 17, 18abc, 20, 22ab, 24, 26 (ἔργον 1a); Hv 3, 6, 5; Hs 8, 9, 1ab.

ε. Ro 14:22 and 23 π. as freedom or strength in faith, conviction (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; but s. α above).

ζ. In addition to the πίστις that every Christian possesses (s. 2dα above) Paul speaks of a special gift of faith that belongs to a select few 1 Cor 12:9. Here he understands π. as an unquestioning belief in God’s power to aid people with miracles, the faith that ‘moves mountains’ 13:2 (cp. Mt 17:20.—21:21; s. 2a above). This special kind of faith may be what the disciples had in mind when they asked πρόσθες ἡμῖν πίστιν Lk 17:5; cp. vs. 6. τῇ πίστει φερόμενος ὁ Παυλος AcPl Ha 5, 1.

③ that which is believed, body of faith/belief/teaching (Diod S 1, 23, 8 ἰσχυρὰν πίστιν καὶ ἀμετάθετον=an article of faith that was firm and unshakable [concerning Orpheus and Dionysus]; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; Ath. 8, 1; Iren., 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I, 92, 1]; Orig., C. Cels., 1, 42, 26; Did., Gen. 156, 23). So clearly Jd 3 (τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστει), 20 (τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστει.—ἅγιος 1aα). πίστις θεοῦ=that which, acc. to God’s will, is to be believed IEph 16:2.—This objectivizing of the term πίστις is found as early as Paul: Ro 1:5; Gal 1:23 (s. 2dα end) and perh. Gal 3:23–25 (s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.). ASeeberg, D. Katechismus der Urchristenheit 1903, 110f, understands 1 Ti 1:19; 4:1, 6; 6:10, cp. 21; 2 Ti 2:18 in this manner. Ro 12:6 (but s. ἀναλογία) and 2 Ti 4:7 are also interpreted in this way by many.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 475–86; ASchlatter, D. Glaube im NT⁴ 1927; APott, Das Hoffen im NT in seiner Beziehung zum Glauben1915; ANairne, The Faith of the NT 1920; RGyllenberg, Pistis 1922; WKümmel, D. Glaube im NT: ThBl 16, ’38, 209–21; Dodd 65–68; TTorrance, ET 68, ’57, 111–14; CMoule, ibid. 157.—Synoptics: TShearer, ET 69, ’57, 3–6.—Esp. for Paul: BBartmann, Pls, die Grundzüge seiner Lehre u. die moderne Religionsgeschichte 1914; WMorgan, The Religion and Theology of Paul 1917; WHatch, The Pauline Idea of Faith in Its Relation to Jewish and Hellenistic Religion 1917; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 4:25; FKnoke, Der christl. Glaube nach Pls 1922; ERohde, Gottesglaube u. Kyriosglaube bei Pls: ZNW 22, 1923, 43–57; EWissmann, Das Verh. v. πίστις und Christusfrömmigkeit bei Pls 1926; MDibelius, Glaube u. Mystik b. Pls: Neue Jahrb. f. Wissensch. u. Jugendbildg. 7, ’31, 683–99; WMundle, D. Glaubensbegriff des Pls ’32 (p. xi–xvi extensive bibliog.); RGyllenberg, Glaube b. Pls: ZWT 13, ’37, 612–30; MHansen, Om Trosbegrebet hos Pls ’37; LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics, ’47, 270–77; 298–300; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 310–26 (Engl. tr. KGrobel I ’51, 314–30; for the Johannines II, 70–92, ’55); MMassinger, BiblSacra 107, ’50, 181–94 et al. S. also δικαιοσύνη 3a.—For the Fourth Gosp.: JBuswell, The Ethics of ‘Believe’ in the Fourth Gospel: BiblSacra 80, 1923, 28–37; JHuby, De la connaissance de foi chez S. Jean: RSR 21, ’31, 385–421; RSchnackenburg, D. Glaube im 4. Ev., diss. Breslau ’37; WHatch, The Idea of Faith in Christ. Lit. fr. the Death of St. Paul to the Close of the Second Century 1926.—EGraesser, D. Glaube im Hebräerbrief, ’65.—ABaumeister, D. Ethik des Pastor Hermae, 1912, 61–140.—ESeidl, π. in d. griech. Lit. (to Peripatetics), diss. Innsbruck, ’53; HLjungman, Pistis, ’64; DLührmann, Pistis im Judent., ZNW 64, ’73, 19–38. On faith in late Judaism s. Bousset, Rel.³ 534a (index); also DHay, JBL 108, ’89, 4611–76; DLindsay, Josephus and Faith ’93. On the Hellenistic concept πίστις Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 234–36.—DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.